NATURAL SCIENCES

Journal of fundamental
and
applied researches

The results studies of hybrids of cultured and wild soybean

2018. №1, pp. 7-27

Kozak M.F. - Professor, Sc.D. (Biology), Professor, Astrakhan State University, 1 Shaumiana Sq, Astrakhan, 414000, Russian Federation, mkozak@yandex.ru

In the splitting process of interspecific hybrids of soybean Glycine max . (L.) Merr. Г— G. soja ( Glycine ussuriensis Regl et Maack.) almost all known for the kind Glycine L. genetic locuses which determine the different types of coloring of the seed coat appeared in the phenotype. In F1-F6, the effect of the inhibitor gene (Ss factor), the epistatic black gene, was clearly shown. The carrier of this gene in the investigated combination was a variety of cultural soya Beltskaya 636. A complex genetic determination of the green color of the skin of the seeds was discovered. The peculiarities of the splitting of hybrids have shown that a pair of characters: green and yellow colors do not inherit monogeneously, but are being determined by at least two pairs of complementary P-H- genes. In F-F, there is a gradual elimination of many types of colors of the seed peel from descendants of hybrid lines and a return to the two main phenotypes of the original parental species while maintaining new combinations of characteristics in hybrids. Found the relevance of accounting the color of seeds during the selection of forms in the progeny of interspecific hybrids with a cultural phenotype in accordance with the common habit: a bush, with an erect form of the stem, as well as those close to the wild species, are twisted. It was found that selection of homozygous forms of highly productive, resistant to diseases and pests with combinations of desirable cultural characteristics (straight stems, yellow color of the seed coat) for practical selection is expedient for the fourth, fifth and sixth generations of interspecific hybrids. The wide and long process of cleavage in the progeny of interspecies hybrids, associated with the polyploidy origin of species of the genus Glycine L., is an indication not only of close evolutionary links, but also of very considerable disunity in historically long time.

Key words: Glycine max, G. soja (G. ussuriensis), межвидовые гибриды сои F-F, наследование окраски семян, генетическая детерминация, геномные отношения, Glycine max, G. soja (G. ussuriensis), interspecific soybean hybrids (F - F), inheritance seed colour, germplasm,