DISRUPTION OF GENETIC HOMEOSTASIS OF TOMATO PLANTS SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L. CAUSED BY EXOGENOMIC AND ENDOGENOMIC VIRUSES

Avdeyev Andrey Yu.  -  Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, director, leading breeder, Urozhay LLC, Russia, 414057, Astrakhan, Funtovskoe shosse st., 5g letter a, astraandrey@mail.ru

Avdeeva Saule Tlegenovna  -  graduate student, Astrakhan State University named after V.N. Tatishchev, Russia, 414024, Astrakhan, Tatishchev st., 20a, agrovnedrenie@mail.ru

In posterities of plants of line Solanum lycopersicum L., at natural infection accordingly exogenous virus tomato cluster deformation of top stem (TCDTSV) and endogenous virus spottiness of yellow necroses fruits of tomato (VSYNFT) was found out splash in mutations or mutational burst. On the average for 2010-2022 years frequency of mutations in the first case has made 22,82%, and in the second for 2010-2023y’s 5,74% for generation. In considered posterities of line Novichok- mini-j-2 (diseased TCDTSV) and a line № 32 (diseased VSYNFT) is fixed more than 20 mutations, including recessive and dominant. Known mutations on localization arose accordingly in sites of chromosomes 1.2,6,7,10,12 and 1,2,3,6. The unusual phenomena of infringement of a genetic homeostasis of plants is explained by balance genome violating connected with integration of viruses in the form of DNA into genome of studied tomato lines and influence of high temperature of air and soil. It could become the real reason of mass mutations owing to intensive transposition МGE, related by authors to transposones of sexual way cells or transposons of sexual cells (TSC). Feature of fixed monogenic inherited mutations consists that they lead to changes of dominant and recessive genes at a level of the whole organism unlike the somatic mutations earlier described on plants caused by controlling elements. Integration exogenous virus in a genome of a tomato in the form of a provirus or its fragments is proved by transfer to mutant lines of trait of indeterminate stem (gene sp +) and a compound cluster (gene s), which are peculiar to symptom of the virus illness caused TSDTSV and also acquisition by the mutant lines of inherited resistance to them. Plant with endogenous virus VSYNFT did not possessed infection trait. The virus was transferred to lines of posterity. As a result of researches the opportunity of use of mutational burst for selection economic-valuable plants and lines of a tomato is shown.

Key words: homeostasis, virus illnesses, a tomato, spontaneous mutagenesis, mutational burst, dominant, recessive mutations, chromosomes, genes, reversion