NATURAL SCIENCES

Journal of fundamental
and
applied researches

The study of petroleum products fractions by biotesting method

2016. №4, pp. 22-29

Fomicheva G.P. - Leading Engineer, Center of Laboratory Analysis and Technical Measurements in the Astrakhan region, 113 Bakinskaya Str., Astrakhan, 414000, Russian Federation, g.fomicheva2012@mail.ru

Nasibulina B.M. - D.Sc. (Biology), Professor, Center of Laboratory Analysis and Technical Measurements in the Astrakhan region, 113 Bakinskaya Str., Astrakhan, 414000, Russian Federation, aspu.nasibulina@yandex.ru

Kamakin A.M. - Ph.D. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Center of Laboratory Analysis and Technical Measurements in the Astrakhan region, 113 Bakinskaya Str., Astrakhan, 414000, Russian Federation, kamakin_a@mail.ru

Fedorova I.V. - Deputy of Director, Center of Laboratory Analysis and Technical Measurements in the Astrakhan region, 113 Bakinskaya Str., Astrakhan, 414000, Russian Federation, fiv76@bk.ru

Muner R.S. - postgraduate student, Center of Laboratory Analysis and Technical Measurements in the Astrakhan region, 113 Bakinskaya Str., Astrakhan, 414000, Russian Federation

Assessment of the degree of water pollution by hydrocarbons is complicated by the fact that each oil fraction has a different degree of impact on aquatic organisms. The article shows that in the bioassay on the test object Daphnia magna, Straus lethal toxic concentration (LC) of heavy oil fractions (0.025 mg / dm) and waste oil products (0.05 mg / dm) was determined at concentrations 10 times lower than LC diesel fraction (0.25 mg / dm) and 100 times lower than the LC of light gasoline and kerosene fractions (from 2.00 mg / dm). Tensile harmless concentrations (BK), dissolved and dispersed in water of heavy lube oil (0.012 mg / dm), 2 times lower than BK fraction of diesel fuel (0.025 mg / dm) and 20 times less than BK light petrol and kerosene petroleum fractions (0.250 mg / dm). According to the degree and nature of the toxic effect on Daphnia magna, Straus waste, selected from place to spill the water body, took a middle position between the heavy and light fractions of petroleum products. These studies allowed to evaluate and compare the toxicity of various oil fractions of a test object Daphnia magna, Straus. Analysis of the results of the experiment conducted confirmed the need to assess the extent of water pollution by hydrocarbons, not only in terms of the mass concentration of oil in an aqueous medium, but also in terms of the acute aquatic toxicity.

Key words: загрязнение водной среды, нефтяное загрязнение, фракции нефтепродуктов, биотестирование, тест-организм, Daphnia magna, токсическое действие, безвредная концентрация (БК), летальная концентрация (ЛК), water pollution, oil pollution, fractions of petroleum