NATURAL SCIENCES

Journal of fundamental
and
applied researches

The features of influence of the heavy metals to the ground organisms of the delta of the river Volga

2013. №3, pp. 51-61

Yulia Nikolaevna Shaplygina - post-graduate student, Astrakhan State University, 1 Shaumyan Sq., Astrakhan, 414000, Russian Federation, shaplugina@yandex.ru

Tatyana Feodorovna Kurochkina - D.Sc. (Biology), Professor, Astrakhan State University, 1 Shaumyan Sq., Astrakhan, 414000, Russian Federation, kurtf@mail.ru

Botagoz Murasovna Nasibulina - D.Sc. (Biology), Professor, Astrakhan State University, 1 Shaumyan Sq., Astrakhan, 414000, Russian Federation, BellaNasib@yandex.ru

The aim of the work is to study an accumulative function of fresh-water mollusks of the delta of the river Volga in the ratio to the heavy metals. The done researches directed on the study of the accumulative function of fresh-water mollusks showed that the studied types of organisms carry out a detoxication of especially dangerous pollutants and it plays a positive role in the processes of (auto) self-purification of the delta of the river Volga and is a barrier to the arriving suspended mineral substances. The results of researches allow to use freshwater mollusks, of Unio and Anadonta species, for biological cleaning of reservoirs by means of artificial regeneration of the specific compound of these organisms. It should be noted, that at penetration of the heavy metals in the mollusks’ organism the transport systems become active and promote metal’s redistribution. The transport systems make linkage of heavy metals with specific proteins “metallothioneins” which takes part in the mechanism of a detoxication of an organism from abundance of metals, executing a protective function.

Key words: fresh-water mollusks,environmental contamination,clarification of fresh-water reservoirs,absorbing heavy metals,detoxification,concentration of heavy metals in benthic organisms,sediments,aquatic ecosystem,microelements,Anadonta,Unio,,